Antimicrobial Activity of Piper marginatum Jacq and Ilex guayusa Loes on Microorganisms Associated with Periodontal Disease.

BACKGROUND: Chronic periodontitis is a multifactorial infectious disease, where multiple bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum are implicated. The main purpose of researching natural products is to find substances or compounds with antimicrobial activity. AIM: The objective of this work was to determine antimicrobial activity from extracts and obtained fractions from Piper marginatum Jacq and Ilex guayusa Loes on P. gingivalis ATCC 33277, F. nucleatum ATCC 25586, and P. intermedia ATCC 25611. METHODS: Total ethanol extracts were obtained from both plants. Fractions were obtained from total ethanol extracts with amberlite as a stationary phase employing hexane, acetone, and ethanol-water as solvents. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical characterization was performed on total ethanol extracts from both plants. Antimicrobial activity from total ethanol extracts and fractions from both plants were evaluated on P. gingivalis ATCC 33277, F. nucleatum ATCC 25586, and P. intermedia ATCC by the well diffusion method with Wilkins-Chalgren agar. RESULTS: Piper marginatum Jacq total ethanol extract presented antimicrobial activity against all three bacteria, whereas Ilex guayusa Loes was only efficient against P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 and P. intermedia ATCC 25611, with inhibition halos from 9.3 to 30 mm. Ilex guayusa Loes obtained fractions presented antimicrobial activity against all three microorganisms evaluated, with inhibition halos ranging from 9.7 to 18.7 mm. In regards to Piper marginatum Jacq fractions, inhibition halos were between 8.3 and 19 mm, against all three microorganisms evaluated; only hexane fraction did not present antimicrobial activity against F. nucleatum ATCC 25586. CONCLUSION: Piper marginatum Jacq and Ilex guayusa Loes total ethanol extracts and fractions presented outstanding antimicrobial activity against P. gingivalis ATCC 33277, P. intermedia ATCC 25611, and F. nucleatum ATCC 25586.

Antimicrobial activity of fractions and subfractions of Elaeagia utilis against microorganisms of importance in dental caries.

Dental caries is a multifactorial infectious disease that leads to the destruction of dental hard tissue. The main goal of research into medicinal plants is to seek compounds with antimicrobial activity for subsequent use in prevention strategies and control of infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of fractions and subfractions obtained from Elaeagia utilis against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The plant material was collected in the town of Alban (Cundinamarca, Colombia), which is located at an altitude of 2245 meters above sea level. Two extracts were obtained by cold maceration of E. utilis leaves in (a) petroleum ether extract and (b) ethanol extract. Fractions were obtained from the petroleum ether extract by column vacuum chromatography, and from the ethanol extract by continuous liquid/liquid partitioning. The antimicrobial activity of fractions and subfractions was evaluated by the well diffusion method. At a concentration of 10 mg/well, several fractions from both extracts showed antimicrobial activity against S. mutans, S. sobrinus and L. acidophilus. Among the ethanol extract fractions, the dichloromethane fraction had notably greater antimicrobial activity. It was sub-partitioned, yielding three subfractions with inhibitory activity, of which the most active was MeOH: H2O (Bp) with minimum inhibitory concentration 0.1 mg/well on the 3 study bacteria. Terpenes, sesquiterpenlactones and simple phenolic compounds were identified in it. In conclusion, this study shows the antimicrobial potential of fractions and subfractions obtained from extracts of E. utilis leaves against bacteria that are important in dental caries.

Antimicrobial activity of fractions and subfractions of Elaeagia utilis against microorganisms of importance in dental caries

La caries dental es una enfermedad infecciosa multifactorial que conduce a la destrucción del tejido duro dental. El principal objetivo de la investigación en plantas medicinales es la búsquedade compuestos con actividad antimicrobiana para su posterior uso en estrategias de prevención o control de enfermedades infecciosas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana de fracciones y subfracciones obtenidas de la planta Elaeagia utilis contra Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus y Lactobacillus acidophilus. El materialvegetal fue colectado en la ciudad de Albán (Cundinamarca-Colombia) situada a una altitud de 2245 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Mediante el método de maceración en frio de hojas de E. utilis se obtuvieron dos extractos, uno en éter de petróleo y otro en etanol. Del extracto etéreo se obtuvieron fraccionesmediante cromatografía en columna al vacío y al extracto etanólico se le realizó fraccionamiento líquido/líquido continuo. La evaluación de la actividad antimicrobiana de las fracciones ysubfracciones se realizó por el método de difusión en pozo. A una concentración de 10 mg/pozo, múltiples fracciones obtenidas de los dos extractos presentaron actividad antimicrobianasobre S. mutans, S. sobrinus y L. acidophilus. De las fracciones del extracto etanólico se destaca la fracción diclorometano, por presentar mayor actividad antimicrobiana, razón por lo cual se subfracciona y se obtienen tres subfracciones con actividad inhibitoria.La subfracción más activa fue eOH:H2O (Bp) con una concentración mínima inhibitoria de 0.1 mg/pozo sobre las 3bacterias en estudio. En esta subfracción se determinaron terpenos, sesquiterpenlactonas y compuestos fenólicos simples. En conclusión, en este estudio se presenta el potencial antimicrobiano de fracciones y subfracciones obtenidas de extractos dehojas de E. utilis contra microorganismos de importancia encaries dental.

Dental caries is a multifactorial infectious disease that leads tothe destruction of dental hard tissue. The main goal of researchinto medicinal plants is to seek compounds with antimicrobialactivity for subsequent use in prevention strategies and controlof infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate theantimicrobial activity of fractions and subfractions obtainedfrom Elaeagia utilis against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococ-cus sobrinus and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The plant materialwas collected in the town of Alban (Cundinamarca, Colombia),which is located at an altitude of 2245 meters above sea level.Two extracts were obtained by cold maceration of E. utilis leavesin (a) petroleum ether extract and (b) ethanol extract. Fractionswere obtained from the petroleum ether extract by column vacu-um chromatography, and from the ethanol extract by continuousliquid / liquid partitioning. The antimicrobial activity of frac-tions and subfractions was evaluated by the well diffusionmethod. At a concentration of 10 mg /well, several fractions fromboth extracts showed antimicrobial activity against S. mutans, S.sobrinus and L. acidophilus. Among the ethanol extract frac-tions, the dichloromethane fraction had notably greaterantimicrobial activity. It was sub-partitioned, yielding three sub-fractions with inhibitory activity, of which the most active wasMeOH: H2O (Bp) with minimum inhibitory concentration 0.1mg /well on the 3 study bacteria. Terpenes, sesquiterpenlactonesand simple phenolic compounds were identified in it. In conclu-sion, this study shows the antimicrobial potential of fractionsand subfractions obtained from extracts of E. utilis leaves againstbacteria that are important in dental caries.

Antimicrobial activity of fractions and subfractions of Elaeagia utilis against microorganisms of importance in dental caries. / Antimicrobial activity of fractions and subfractions of Elaeagia utilis against microorganisms of importance in dental caries.

Dental caries is a multifactorial infectious disease that leads to the destruction of dental hard tissue. The main goal of research into medicinal plants is to seek compounds with antimicrobial activity for subsequent use in prevention strategies and control of infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of fractions and subfractions obtained from Elaeagia utilis against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The plant material was collected in the town of Alban (Cundinamarca, Colombia), which is located at an altitude of 2245 meters above sea level. Two extracts were obtained by cold maceration of E. utilis leaves in (a) petroleum ether extract and (b) ethanol extract. Fractions were obtained from the petroleum ether extract by column vacuum chromatography, and from the ethanol extract by continuous liquid/liquid partitioning. The antimicrobial activity of fractions and subfractions was evaluated by the well diffusion method. At a concentration of 10 mg/well, several fractions from both extracts showed antimicrobial activity against S. mutans, S. sobrinus and L. acidophilus. Among the ethanol extract fractions, the dichloromethane fraction had notably greater antimicrobial activity. It was sub-partitioned, yielding three subfractions with inhibitory activity, of which the most active was MeOH: H2O (Bp) with minimum inhibitory concentration 0.1 mg/well on the 3 study bacteria. Terpenes, sesquiterpenlactones and simple phenolic compounds were identified in it. In conclusion, this study shows the antimicrobial potential of fractions and subfractions obtained from extracts of E. utilis leaves against bacteria that are important in dental caries.

Antimicrobial activity of fractions and subfractions of Elaeagia utilis against microorganisms of importance in dental caries

La caries dental es una enfermedad infecciosa multifactorial que conduce a la destrucción del tejido duro dental. El principal objetivo de la investigación en plantas medicinales es la búsquedade compuestos con actividad antimicrobiana para su posterior uso en estrategias de prevención o control de enfermedades infecciosas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana de fracciones y subfracciones obtenidas de la planta Elaeagia utilis contra Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus y Lactobacillus acidophilus. El materialvegetal fue colectado en la ciudad de Albán (Cundinamarca-Colombia) situada a una altitud de 2245 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Mediante el método de maceración en frio de hojas de E. utilis se obtuvieron dos extractos, uno en éter de petróleo y otro en etanol. Del extracto etéreo se obtuvieron fraccionesmediante cromatografía en columna al vacío y al extracto etanólico se le realizó fraccionamiento líquido/líquido continuo. La evaluación de la actividad antimicrobiana de las fracciones ysubfracciones se realizó por el método de difusión en pozo. A una concentración de 10 mg/pozo, múltiples fracciones obtenidas de los dos extractos presentaron actividad antimicrobianasobre S. mutans, S. sobrinus y L. acidophilus. De las fracciones del extracto etanólico se destaca la fracción diclorometano, por presentar mayor actividad antimicrobiana, razón por lo cual se subfracciona y se obtienen tres subfracciones con actividad inhibitoria.La subfracción más activa fue eOH:H2O (Bp) con una concentración mínima inhibitoria de 0.1 mg/pozo sobre las 3bacterias en estudio. En esta subfracción se determinaron terpenos, sesquiterpenlactonas y compuestos fenólicos simples. En conclusión, en este estudio se presenta el potencial antimicrobiano de fracciones y subfracciones obtenidas de extractos dehojas de E. utilis contra microorganismos de importancia encaries dental.(AU)

Dental caries is a multifactorial infectious disease that leads tothe destruction of dental hard tissue. The main goal of researchinto medicinal plants is to seek compounds with antimicrobialactivity for subsequent use in prevention strategies and controlof infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate theantimicrobial activity of fractions and subfractions obtainedfrom Elaeagia utilis against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococ-cus sobrinus and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The plant materialwas collected in the town of Alban (Cundinamarca, Colombia),which is located at an altitude of 2245 meters above sea level.Two extracts were obtained by cold maceration of E. utilis leavesin (a) petroleum ether extract and (b) ethanol extract. Fractionswere obtained from the petroleum ether extract by column vacu-um chromatography, and from the ethanol extract by continuousliquid / liquid partitioning. The antimicrobial activity of frac-tions and subfractions was evaluated by the well diffusionmethod. At a concentration of 10 mg /well, several fractions fromboth extracts showed antimicrobial activity against S. mutans, S.sobrinus and L. acidophilus. Among the ethanol extract frac-tions, the dichloromethane fraction had notably greaterantimicrobial activity. It was sub-partitioned, yielding three sub-fractions with inhibitory activity, of which the most active wasMeOH: H2O (Bp) with minimum inhibitory concentration 0.1mg /well on the 3 study bacteria. Terpenes, sesquiterpenlactonesand simple phenolic compounds were identified in it. In conclu-sion, this study shows the antimicrobial potential of fractionsand subfractions obtained from extracts of E. utilis leaves againstbacteria that are important in dental caries.(AU)

Anticariogenic activity of the active fraction from isertia laevis against S. mutans and S. sobrinus: comparison of two extraction methods

Dental caries is considered a multi-factorial, infectious, chronic, localized, post-eruptive, transmissible disease that leads to the destruction of dental hard tissue. The recognition of Streptococcus mutans as the major bacterial species involved in dental caries has led to the implementation of prevention and control measures for eliminating or reducing it in oral cavity. The main goal of research on medicinal plants is the search for substances or compounds with antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of fractions obtained by two methods from Isertia laevis against S. mutans and S. sobrinus. The plant material was collected in Medina (Colombia), at an elevation of 550 meters above sea level. From the ethanol extract of leaves of I. laevis, fractions were obtained by two methods: extraction by column vacuum chromatography (CVC) and extraction by continuous liquid / liquid partitioning (CLLP). The evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of fractions against S. mutans and S. sobrinus was performed by well diffusion and bioautography assays. From the CVC technique, only the methanol and methanol-dichloromethane fractions showed activity against S. mutans and S. sobrinus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 2 mg/well. From the CLLP technique, only the dichloromethane fraction showed activity against both microorganisms, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1 mg/well. Compounds C1 and C2 were isolated from the three active fractions, and showed a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.4 mg/well for S. mutans and S. sobrinus, with zones of inhibition measuring 6.5 and 6.2 mm, respectively. In conclusion: 1) the three active fractions of I. laevis showed activity against S. mutans and S. sobrinus, 2) compounds C1 and C2 were present equally in the three active fractions showing activity against the two bacteria, 3) compounds C1 and C2 may be triterpenoid and/or steroidal saponin structures, and 4) the two extraction methods lead equally to obtaining the active fractions.

La caries dental es considerada una enfermedad infecciosa multifactorial, cronica, localizada, poseruptiva y transmisible que conlleva a la destruccion del tejido dental duro. El claro reconocimiento de Streptococcus mutans como la principal especie bacteriana implicada en caries dental, ha conducido a la implementacion de medidas de prevencion y control para la eliminacion o disminucion de este microorganismo en cavidad oral. El objetivo fundamental de la investigacion en plantas medicinales, es la busqueda de sustancias o compuestos con actividad antimicrobiana para ser utilizadas en el control o prevencion de enfermedades infecciosas. En este sentido, en salud bucal muchas sustancias obtenidas de plantas han mostrado actividad antimicrobiana. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana de fracciones obtenidas de la planta Isertia laevis mediante dos metodologias contra S. mutans y S. sobrinus. El material vegetal se colecto en el municipio de Medina (Cundinamarca- Colombia) situado a una altura de 550 metros sobre el nivel del mar. A partir del extracto etanolico de hojas de I. laevis se obtuvieron fracciones mediante dos metodologias, extraccion por cromatografia en columna al vacio (CCV) y extraccion por fraccionamiento liquido/liquido continuo (FLLC). La evaluacion de la actividad antimicrobiana de las fracciones frente a S. mutans y S. sobrinus se realizo por el metodo de difusion en pozo y bioautografico. De las fracciones obtenidas por CCV, solamente las fracciones metanol y metanol-diclorometano presentaron actividad antimicrobiana sobre S. mutans y S. sobrinus, con una concentracion minima inhibitoria de 2 mg/pozo. De las fracciones obtenidas por FLLC solamente la fraccion diclorometano presento actividad antimicrobiana sobre S. mutans y S. sobrinus, con una concentracion minima inhibitoria de 1 mg/pozo. De las 3 fracciones activas se aislaron los compuestos C1 y C2, que presentaron una concentracion minima inhibitoria de 0.4 mg/pozo tanto para S. mutans como para S. sobrinus con halos de inhibicion, respectivamente, de 6.5 y 6.2 mm. En conclusion, 1. Las fracciones metanol y diclorometano obtenidas por CCV y la fraccion diclorometano obtenida por FLLC de hojas de I. laevis presentaron actividad antimicrobiana sobre S. mutans y S. sobrinus; 2. Los compuestos C1 y C2 presentes por igual en las tres fracciones activas tuvieron accion inhibitoria sobre las dos bacterias en evaluacion; 3. Las pruebas quimicas cualitativas para los compuestos C1 y C2 indican que posiblemente corresponden a estructuras de saponinas triterpenicas y/o esteroidales; y 4. Las dos metodologias de extraccion conducen por igual a la obtencion de las fracciones activas.

Anticariogenic activity of the active fraction from Isertia laevis against S. mutans and S. sobrinus: comparison of two extraction methods.

UNLABELLED: Dental caries is considered a multi-factorial, infectious, chronic, localized, post-eruptive, transmissible disease that leads to the destruction of dental hard tissue. The recognition of Streptococcus mutans as the major bacterial species involved in dental caries has led to the implementation of prevention and control measures for eliminating or reducing it in oral cavity. The main goal of research on medicinal plants is the search for substances or compounds with antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of fractions obtained by two methods from Isertia laevis against S. mutans and S. sobrinus. The plant material was collected in Medina (Colombia), at an elevation of 550 meters above sea level. From the ethanol extract of leaves of I. laevis, fractions were obtained by two methods: extraction by column vacuum chromatography (CVC) and extraction by continuous liquid/liquid partitioning (CLLP). The evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of fractions against S. mutans and S. sobrinus was performed by well diffusion and bioautography assays. From the CVC technique, only the methanol and methanol-dichloromethane fractions showed activity against S. mutans and S. sobrinus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 2 mg/well. From the CLLP technique, only the dichloromethane fraction showed activity against both microorganisms, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1 mg/well. Compounds C1 and C2 were isolated from the three active fractions, and showed a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.4 mg/well for S. mutans and S. sobrinus, with zones of inhibition measuring 6.5 and 6.2 mm, respectively. IN CONCLUSION: 1) the three active fractions of I. laevis showed activity against S. mutans and S. sobrinus, 2) compounds C1 and C2 were presen equally in the three active fractions showing activity against the two bacteria, 3) compounds C1 and C2 may be triterpenoid and/or steroidal saponin structures, and 4) the two extraction methods lead equally to obtaining the active fractions.